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Thursday 6 April 2017

Ayurveda


Ayurveda

Introduction:


Ayurveda, the perfect science or knowledge of life is believed to be the oldest treatment method which evolved around 600 BC in India. The word Ayurveda originated from the two Sanskrit words, 'Ayur' meaning life and 'Veda' meaning knowledge. Ayurveda practiced by special physicians called 'Vaidyas' is known to promote positive health, natural beauty and long life.

Life, according to Ayurveda, is a combination of senses, mind, body and soul. The medicinal system believes that human beings and nature should be in perfect harmony and that disease occurs when the equilibrium between these two is disrupted. Restoration of this fundamental balance, through the use of nature and its products is the main goal of this medical system. The concept is not just on curing bodily ailments but also on preventing. Ayurveda emphasizes that 'Prevention is better than cure'.

In Ayurveda, which is basically a humoural medical system, diseases are understood as an imbalance between the body's three humors, Vata (nerve energy), Pitta (catabolic fire energy) and Kapha (anabolic nutritive energy). Natural herbs and minerals are used for preparing  medicines. Apart from herbs, purification and detoxification, dietary changes, body massages and meditation are used to promote health and prevent and treat illness. Ayurvedic medicines are rapidly gaining acceptance all over the world as they have no side effects and is found to have cures for even rare ailments. Check out the link Ayurveda to know more about the system.


Eligibility & Course Areas:


Ø   The Ayurvedic Colleges of India awards the Degree of "Ayurvedacharya" or B.A.M.S. (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine & Surgery) at the bachelor level. Duration of B.A.M.S is 51/2 years/61/2 years including Internship. 

Ø   Eligibility required to join  B.A.M.S (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine & Surgery) is  Higher Secondary/P.U.C. preferably with Sanskrit or an examination equivalent there to, or Intermediate (Ayurvedic group- Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Sanskrit) of any recognised University/Board which confirms to the specifications approved by the Council. Minimum age of joining for BAMS course is 17 years. 

Ø   Some institutions also offers certificate courses or  pre Ayurvedic courses of 1 year to 2 years. Eligibility needed for such course is S.S.L.C./ Matriculation preferably with Sanskrit or an examination equivalent.

Ø   Main entrance exams for admission to a Bachelors degree in Ayurveda include, 'All India Pre-Medical/Pre-Dental Entrance Exam' conducted by Central Board of Secondary Examination (CBSE), Delhi on a national level to select the candidates at an all India level (except in the states of Jammu & Kashmir and Andhra Pradesh ) for admission to roughly 15% of the total  seats in the colleges of each state, Pre-med entrance exam conducted by different states on their own for domiciled candidates. Some national level institutions where admission does not hinge on domicile status, give admission on the basis of merit in the 10+2 examination, or conducts their own entrance test for admission to BAMS courses.

Ø   Candidates who have passed BAMS can apply for post graduate programmes. The Post graduate programmes are conducted by many recognised  institutions and has a duration of 3 years leading to degrees of Doctor of Medicine in Ayurveda (M.D. (Ayu)) and Master of Surgery in Ayurveda (M.S. (Ayu)). 

Ø   Candidates who have passed MBBS course recognized by Medical Council of India and have completed one year internship training can also apply for Post Graduate course in Ayurveda. 

Ø   Post-graduate programs is structured into 16 branches  leading to a Doctorate in Ayurveda. The 16 branches are Ayurvedic Sidhanta (Fundamental Principals of Ayurveda), Ayurved Samhita ( Treatise of Ayurveda),  Rachna Sharira ( Anatomy), Kriya Sharira (Physiology),  Dravya Guna Vigyan ( Materia Medica & Pharmacology), Ras- ShastraBhaishajya Kalpana ( Pharmaceuticals), Kumar Bharitya ( Paediatrics), Prasuti Tantra (Obstetrics & Gynaecology), Swasth Vrita (Social of Preventive Medicine), Kayachikitsa (Internal Medicine, Rog Nidan ( Pathology,)  Shalya Tantra ( Surgery), Shalkya Tantra ( Eye & ENT ), Mano Roga ( Psychiatry), Panchkarma (Detoxification of body).


Job Prospects & Career Options:


An Ayurvedic practitioner can get employment as medical officer/doctor at government and private Ayurvedic hospitals. One can also start his/ her own practice or open ones own retail shop of Ayurveda medicines. They can also find employment as supervisors in 'Panch Karma' ( Ayurvedic massage) / health centres, as tutors in Ayurvedic colleges or do research, conduct workshops, seminars and retreats.
The number of Pharmaceutical companies manufacturing Ayurvedic medicines are increasing and the medicines are getting popular even in other countries. Patients from all over the world are coming to India for Ayurvedic treatment. More and more 'Pancha Karma Centres' are coming up for serving the tourists especially foreigners. With the popularity of the system the demand for Ayurvedic doctors are on the rise. In some of the states in India, it has been made mandatory to appoint at least one Ayurvedic Doctor in every civil hospital. So Ayurveda graduates have a bright scope in future.

Remuneration:


In government Ayurveda hospitals the starting salary scale is Rs.8000 - 13500 for BAMS graduates.
Tutors in Ayurveda colleges  get more than Rs 8000/- per month. In private practice the remuneration depends totally on the effort you put in and your professional reputation. Dedicated and competent practitioners can earn more.

Courses:

 » Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS)
 » Certificate Course in Ayurveda Panchakarma
 » Diploma in Ayurved Medicine
 » Diploma in Ayurvedic Massage
» Diploma in Ayurveda Panchakarma



Automobile Engineering


Automobile Engineering

Introduction:

Automobile or Automotive Engineering has gained recognition and importance ever since motor vehicles capable for transporting passengers has been in vogue. Now due to the rapid growth of auto component manufacturers and automobile industries, there is a great demand for Automobile Engineers. Automobile Engineering alias Automotive Engineering or Vehicle Engineering is one of the most challenging careers in the field of engineering with a wide scope. This branch deals with the designing, developing, manufacturing, testing and repairing and servicing automobiles such as cars, trucks, motorcycles, scooters etc & the related sub Engineering systems. For the perfect blend of manufacturing and designing automobiles, Automobile Engineering uses the features of different elements of Engineering such as mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering.

 Eligibility & Course Areas:

Ø Students who have a strong foundation in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biotechnology and computer science can find a lucrative career in the field of Automobile Engineering. Numerous institutes all over India conduct several under graduate (B.E / B. Tech degree), post graduate (M.E / M. Tech) and diploma programs in Automobile engineering.

Ø The basic eligibility criteria for BE / B.Tech in Automobile Engineering is 10+2 or equivalent examination with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics or Bio-technology, Bio-informatics, Biomedical with a fairly high percentage of marks in the aggregate. After pursuing the bachelor's degree (B.E/B Tech), one can go for a post graduate degree; i.e. M.E/ M.Tech. and after that one can take up the Ph.D degree. 

Ø After 10th one can also choose the diploma program in Automobile Engineering and after the diploma they can take up PG diploma, or even an Engineering degree as some colleges give admission to diploma holders with 50% marks. In certain engineering colleges, mechanical engineering students can opt for Automobile engineering as an optional subject. 

Ø Selection: Admission to the B.E/ B.Tech courses is made on the basis of the marks obtained in +2 and the merit in the entrance examinations (e.g. IIT JEE, AIEEE, BITSAT, state entrance Exams etc.) conducted both at national and state level. In state Entrance exams selection will be based on the rank obtained in the entrance exam. Selection to the M.E/M.Tech courses is through GATE examination (The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering). Diploma holders can take AMIE examination to be equivalent with the degree holder. Admissions to some of the institutions are made by their own separate entrance exams.

Ø Duration : BE / B.Tech courses in Automobile Engineering are of 4 years (8 semesters) duration while ME/ M.Tech degree and Post Graduate Diploma courses in Automobile Engineering are of 2 years, Diploma courses in Automobile Engineering are of 3 years and PhD course is of 2 years. 

Job Prospects & Career Options:

Automobile Industry has been booming in recent times, due to the growing demand for vehicles and the job prospects for automobile engineers have also increased rapidly both in India and abroad. The work of automobile engineers involves planning, designing, developing, manufacturing and testing the performance and efficiency of automobiles and their component parts including the Engine chassis and transmission systems. They design new models by keeping a view in their mind about the performance, capability, strength and appearance of the automobiles and also the expenditure for its manufacture and maintenance. The major responsibility of an Automobile engineer is maintaining the high standard of vehicle by using traditional methods and state of the art technology.

Candidates with masters degree and with 5 years experience in teaching at graduate level or industrial experience in a reputed firm can get employment as a lecturer. PhD degree holders in Automobile Engineering can work as a researcher or scientist and can further help in the development of the field
Some of the career prospects in the field of automobile engineering are:
Ø Automobile Engineering Technicians
Ø Safety Engineering
Ø Emissions Research
Ø NVH ( Noise, Vibration and Harshness) Engineers
Ø Performance Engineer
Ø Vehicle Dynamics Controller
Ø Operations Research
Ø Designing 
Globalization and incredible growth of automobile industry have resulted in numerous opportunities for automobile engineers abroad as well. Qualified candidates with excellent communication skills are very much in demand in the reputed international companies like Volvo, Ashok Leyland, Telco, Ford, Hyundai, Maruti, etc. 

Remuneration:

The remuneration depends on the status of the industry and experience, qualifications and ability of the employee. A fresh graduate in automobile engineering can earn a monthly salary of Rs.15,000 to Rs.20,000.The candidates from well-known technological institutions like IITs, NITs, and BITS will get high pay package according to their academic excellence and skills.
The remuneration will increase up to Rs 40,000 per month after having three or four years experience. Best car manufacturing companies like Honda, Audi, Skoda etc offers an awesome pay along with several perks.

Courses:

 » B.E. Automobile Engineering
 » B.Tech. Automobile Engineering
 » Certificate Programme in Automobile Technology
 » Diploma in Automobile Engineering
 » M.Tech. Automobile Engineering
 » Post Graduate Diploma in Automobile Maintenance

Wednesday 5 April 2017

Auditing


Auditing


Introduction:


If you are meticulous and have a flair for numbers, auditing could be a right career choice for you. Auditing, one of the main career options in the field of accounting has a vital role to play in each and every organisation, be it public or private sector. Auditing could be termed as the bread and butter work of accounting which involves checking ledgers and financial statements within an organisation.

Auditing is a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating the accounts or financial records of a government undertaking, department, private business, or other entity based on an established criteria. In other words, Auditing involves the review, analysis and evaluation of processes, products, services, systems, organizations and employees. It is a specialized form of accounting for an organization's financial information, which includes systems, policies and records. While auditing focuses largely on financial information, the process also may involve examination of non financial documents that reveal information about a business's conduct.

Traditionally, audits were mainly associated with gaining information about financial systems and the financial records of a company or a business. According of ICAI Institute of Chartered Accountants of India - 'Auditing is the independent examination of financial information of any entity, whether profit oriented or not, and irrespective of its size or legal form, when such an examination is conducted with a view to expressing an opinion thereon. Auditing is done to know the true and fair view of an organisations financial position'.

Eligibility:


Ø To become an auditor one must have at least a bachelors degree in Accounting. Some employers may prefer those with masters degree in accounting. MBA with specialization in finance can also be a right subject choice.
Ø Courses in economics, business studies and humanities are also helpful. Some universities conduct specialized courses in auditing. Along with subject specialization, computer literacy is also essential. One must take a course in computer accounting software's such as Tally or some other related diplomas.
Ø One can further take up more advanced courses like ICWA, CA, Company Secretary ship or CPA (certified public accountant in the USA)etc.
Ø  There are certain auditor certifications provided by international audit associations such as Institute of Internal auditors (IIA), Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) etc which are globally accepted. The Institute of Internal auditors gives Certified Internal Auditor (CIA) designation and ISACA provides Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certification, respectively. CISA qualified Auditors have been recognized as qualified to conduct Systems Audit by Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Ministry of Information Technology (MIT), National Stock Exchange, Comptroller and Auditor General of India (C&AG).


Job Prospects & Career Options:


With the growth in the economy and the number of business concerns boosting day by day, demand for auditors are increasing to ensure the credibility of the financial accounting data and financial statements in the private sector as well as public sector companies. One should not pursue a career in auditing merely because it is a lucrative filed, he/she must really love working with numbers and have an aptitude for mathematics. Companies registered under Companies Act are required to get audited annually. This has also made auditing an evergreen career field.

Types of auditors
Ø Internal auditors
Ø External auditors
Ø Government auditors
Ø Forensic auditors

Remuneration:


At entry level an auditor can expect a salary range between Rs.6,000 to Rs.15,000. Once you are established in the field and gained good experience, salary may not be a constraint. External auditors can earn more compared to internal auditors, as external auditors handle more than one organisation. In the case of internal and government auditors salary is fixed to certain extent.

Courses:


» B.Com
» B.Com Taxation
» M.Com
» M.Com. Cost accounting
» M.Com Computer Application
» M.Com. Taxation
» M.Phil Commerce
» Ph.D Commerce
» Certificate in Financial Accounting

» Certified Advance Business Accountant (C.A.B.A)
» Certified Public Accountant (C.P.A)
» Certified Management Accountant (C.M.A)
» Diploma in Financial Accounting




Audio / Sound Engineering


Audio / Sound Engineering



Introduction:



Audio engineering, a branch of Audio science, is a career for those who love music and wish to be a part of this industry. Audio Engineering is all about capturing sound, recording, copying, editing, mixing and reproducing sound using electronic and mechanical devices. It involves both production and post production tasks. Production part may involve everything from set-up to the actual recording. Audio engineers use a variety of devices to record even the slightest sound variations. Electronic mixing board (console board), which contains variety of switches, dials, lights and meters, is a vital part in audio engineering as it can control sound input while recording or editing. In the post production section, the recorded material gets polished or "morphed" into sound. Digital audio workstations, signal processors and sequencing software are the other integral components used in audio engineering.


An audio engineer is someone with experience and training in production and manipulation of sound through mechanical and digital means. Those who have studied any course in audiography and sound recording can become an audio engineer. They are responsible for the final sound that we hear in music, i.e in songs, background scores in videos, films, advertisements and so on. An audio engineer should possess a good ear for music and sounds just like a journalist should have a nose for news. They may sometimes be known as recording engineers and sound engineers, even though the latter are the persons who develop instruments for the audio engineers.
Audio engineering is one of the most popular and promising career in the modern generation that offers immense opportunity in the field of film, video production, sound broadcasting and advertising both in India and abroad. To be good in this field, lot of commitment and interest is required.

Eligibility:


To become a successful audio engineer, one should be well trained in any degree or diploma courses in audiography, sound recording, sound engineering and audio engineering. No specific educational qualification is required for a training in this field. However, for Post graduate courses in audio engineering one should have a bachelor's degree. Though not necessary, a basic knowledge in physics and mathematics will be an advantage for the audio engineers, as they have to under go many calculations such as reverberations of the room, calculating the delay time etc. More over the practical training will make the person good at audio engineering. Besides these courses, there are several online courses.

One who has the background in electrical engineering and fine arts can also pursue a career in this field. He should be expert in using various recording equipment such as Mixing consoles and Microphones. Signal processors, Tape machines, Digital audio workstations, music sequencers, speakers, preamplifiers, amplifiers are some of other equipment used by the audio engineers.

Job Prospects & Career Options:


Holding a diploma or degree in audio engineering is the first step for pursuing a career in this field. After successful completion of a course, one could find job opportunities in the field of movies, television, advertising and broad casting, live concerts, multimedia organisations, CD production, schools and so on.
Besides studios, audio engineers can also work on a freelance basis. As the audio engineering field is becoming highly competitive, those who have talent and specific skills can fare well.
Some of the career options in this field are :
 •  Studio Engineer
 •  Sound Recordist
 •  Broadcast Engineer
 •  Sound Editor
 •  Re- recording mixer
 •  Dialogue editor
 •  Music editor
 •  Sound effects editor
 •  Mastering Engineer
 •  Location sound Engineer
 •  Mix Engineer
 •  Foley Recordist /Editor
 •  Recording Engineer
 •  Sound Designer
 •  Pro tools operator
 •  Studio manager
 •  Programmer

Remuneration:


Audio engineering is one of the careers that bring recognition along with money. Depending up on the hard work and effort one puts on his work, he could get the money. Most of the companies may pay the remuneration around and above Rs10, 000 to their audio engineers. 
A recognized audio engineer can easily get his high salary from the industry. Abroad he may get an average of $18,540 as he starts his career.

Courses:


 »  Certificate Course in Audio Engineering
 »  Certificate Course in Audio and Visual Education
 »  Certificate Course in Sound Recording and Reproduction
 »  B.A. Audio Engineering and Digital Film Making
 »  Diploma in Audio and Video Production
 »  Diploma in Sound Engineering
 »  Diploma in Fundamental and Audio Visual Education
 »  Diploma in Sound Recording and Sound Engineering
 »  Diploma in Video Editing and Sound Recording
 »  Post Graduate Certificate Course in Audiography and Television Engineering
 »  Post Graduate Diploma in Audiography

Astronomy


Astronomy



Introduction:


Astronomy, the oldest and the most fascinating science, deals with all the celestial bodies and the material universe beyond the earth's atmosphere. It is the science of the Universe which includes the study of motion, nature, law, constitution, history and possible future developments of heavenly bodies like the sun, planets, stars, comets, meteors, galaxies, satellites etc. 
Astronomy, sometimes considered as a sub-field of Physics is further divided into several branches such as Astrophysics, Astrometeorology, Astrobiology, Astrogeology, Astrometry, Cosmology etc. All these branches together helps to unravel the mysteries of the universe. It is a promising and amazing career for those who are interested in the mysteries of the universe and has a desire to unravel them. Since each country is going in for nuclear testing, the need for scientists in the filed of Astronomy is increasing. 

Eligibility & Course Areas:


A doctoral degree is the usual educational requirement to become an astronomer, since most of the work tends to be related to research and development. 
Those who opt for this field, should pass their plus two examination under the science stream, specially in physics and math's. For pursuing a career in theoretical or observational astronomy one may go through the science stream after plus two. Since universities offering undergraduate programmed in Astronomy are rarely found, one can join for a major/ honours in Physics with Mathematics as a subsidiary subject. Thereafter, take a master's degree in Physics or Astronomy. After the successful completion of MSc, one can do specialization in astronomy leading to Ph. D. which enables one to become an astronomer/ astronaut/ astrophysicist or a scientist/ research officer etc. in the field of space research. 
For doing Ph.D, which is mandatory to do research, one should appear for the Joint Entrance Screening Test (JEST) examination.
For pursuing a career in Instrumentation/ Experimental Astronomy, after plus two one can go for Bachelor of Engineering (BE) in Electrical / Electronics/ Electrical Communications. An engineer with a B. Tech or BE degree could also enter the field as a research scholar.

Job Prospects & Career Options:


Working on research is the main profession of an astronomer and this may usually involve travelling; working long hours including day and night. The work of an astronomer involves analysis and interpretation of enormous data gathered by observatories and satellites and making scientific papers or report their findings. They make observations with ground-based telescopes or any other sources and apply their knowledge to solve problems in navigation, space flight, and satellite communications. 
A beginner in the field of astronomy may be inducted as a researcher into an existing team which would be already working on a project. Ph.D. holders begin their careers in a postdoctoral research position, in which they may work with experienced physicists as they continue to learn about their specialty and develop ideas and results to be used in later work. Initial work may be under the close supervision of senior scientists. Depending on their areas of specialization, astronomers are classified into various groups like observational astronomers, stellar astronomers, solar astronomers etc. 
Most jobs in the basic research and development usually require a doctoral degree. The Ph.D. holders ultimately teach at the college or university level. Master’s degree holders are qualified for many jobs in manufacturing and applied research and development. Some master’s degree programs prepare students for specific research skills that does not require a Ph.D. Bachelor degree holder in this field are often qualified as technicians, research assistants or other types of jobs. 

Remuneration:


The remuneration depends on the aspects of work, kind of organization and experience in the field. As a beginner in the research work, a junior can earn a monthly stipend of approximately Rs.10,000 per month.
Government bodies and research institutes employ astronomers who are paid high salaries with other perk and allowances.

Courses:

 » M.Sc. Astronomy
 » M.Sc. Astrophysics
 » M.Sc. Meteorology
 » Ph.D. Astronomy
 » Ph.D. Astronomy and Astrophysics
 » Ph.D. Astrophysics
 » Ph.D. Atmospheric Science and Astrophysics
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